Wilms tumor is a cancerous tumor that is found in the kidneys. It is the most common type of kidney cancer in children. Usually only one kidney is affected (unilateral), but, in a small number of cases it can affect both kidneys (bilateral). It is most often diagnosed in children ages 2 to 3.
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What are the signs and symptoms of Wilms tumor?
The most common symptom of Wilms tumor is a hard lump in the abdomen.
Children can also have a wide range of other symptoms including:
- Fever
- Abdominal pain or swelling
- High blood pressure
- Blood in the urine
- Constipation
- Loss of appetite
- Fatigue
Please note there are many conditions with symptoms similar to Wilms tumor. It’s important to see your child’s doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment.
What causes Wilms tumor?
Most cases of Wilms tumor are the result of random genetic mutations with no known cause. However, children with certain syndromes, such as WAGR syndrome, Denys-Drash syndrome or Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome are more likely to develop Wilms tumor. According to experts, it is unlikely that Wilms tumor is hereditary.
How is Wilms tumor treated?
Treatment of Wilms tumor usually involves a combination of surgery and chemotherapy. In some advanced cases, radiation therapy is also used. A radical nephrectomy (removal of the kidney) is usually performed when only one kidney is affected. In cases where both kidneys are affected, the surgeon may recommend a partial nephrectomy (removal of the tumor). Doctors at Connecticut Children’s can determine the right plan if your child requires treatment for Wilms tumor.