Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are tumors that develop from neuroendocrine cells, which are found throughout the body. Although NETs can form anywhere in the body, they are most common in the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, pancreas, rectum and appendix. They are a rare type of tumor.

Some NETs produce excess hormones, while some do not produce hormones at all. This can affect the type of symptoms they cause.

Many NETs are slow growing, but others can grow quickly and spread to the other areas of the body.

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What are the signs and symptoms of neuroendocrine tumors?

Symptoms depend on the tumor’s size, where it is located and if it produces hormones. Common signs may include:

  • Abdominal pain
  • High blood pressure, dizziness or heart palpitations
  • Nausea or vomiting
  • Excessive sweating
  • Weight loss
  • A lump under the skin
  • Pain in the area where the tumor is growing

What causes NETs?

Experts don’t know exactly what causes NETs. Children who have certain hereditary conditions, such as multiple endocrine neoplasia and tuberous sclerosis, may be more likely to develop NETs.

How are NETs treated?

Treatment for NETs can depend on where the tumor is located, its size and whether it has spread to other parts of the body. It often includes both surgical and non-surgical options. Doctors at Connecticut Children’s can determine the right plan if your child requires treatment for a neuroendocrine tumor.

  • Your child may have radiation and chemotherapy to help kill cancer cells or shrink the tumors. In some cases, these options may be combined with surgery.
  • If the tumor is producing hormones, your child’s doctor may prescribe medicines to control excess hormones.
  • Surgery to remove and biopsy the tumor may be needed.