Adrenal tumors and masses are growths on the adrenal glands. These are the two glands that sit on top of the kidneys. Adrenal glands make hormones that help the body deal with stress.

Some adrenal tumors produce extra hormones that can cause symptoms. These are called functioning tumors. Tumors that do not produce hormones are called non-functioning tumors. Most adrenal tumors are not cancerous (benign), but some types are.

Adrenal tumors include:

  • Adrenal adenomas. These are the most common type of adrenal tumor. They are usually not functioning and are not cancerous.
  • Adrenocortical carcinomas. These are a rare type of cancerous tumor. Most of these tumors in children are functioning tumors that make extra hormones.
  • Pheochromocytomas. These tumors are usually not cancerous but do produce extra hormones that can cause symptoms.

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What are the signs and symptoms of adrenal tumors?

Symptoms of adrenal tumors can vary depending on the type of tumor. They can include:

  • Pain or fullness in the stomach
  • High blood pressure
  • Changes in weight
  • Having signs of early puberty, such as growing body hair, a deeper voice or growing faster than average

Please note there are many conditions with similar symptoms. It’s important to see your child’s doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment.

What causes adrenal tumors?

Experts are not sure what causes adrenal tumors. Adrenocortical carcinomas may be related to genetic syndromes, such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and hemihyperplasia.

How are adrenal tumors treated?

Treatment for adrenal tumors depends on the type of tumor and whether it is cancerous. The team at Connecticut Children’s will discuss all your child’s treatment options with your family.

  • Your child’s doctor may prescribe medicines to manage the symptoms of noncancerous tumors.
  • Chemotherapy or targeted therapy may be used to kill cancer cells.
  • Surgery to remove the tumor is usually the main treatment for adrenocortical carcinomas. Our experienced surgeons use minimally invasive techniques whenever possible.