Ulcerative colitis is a type of chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It occurs when the inner lining of the large intestine (colon) and rectum gets red and swollen. This swelling usually starts in the rectum and lower part of the colon, then can extend through the whole colon. Ulcerative colitis is commonly diagnosed in children ages 13 to 20, but it can occur in people of all ages.

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What are the signs and symptoms of ulcerative colitis?

Common symptoms may include:

  • Bloody stool
  • Frequent diarrhea
  • Urgency to have a bowel movement
  • Fatigue
  • Weight loss
  • Anemia
  • Stomach pain
  • Loss of fluids and nutrients

Some children may also have:

  • Skin sores
  • Itchy or red eyes
  • Joint pain or swelling
  • Kidney stones
  • Rashes

Since ulcerative colitis is a chronic condition, children may have periods of time when the symptoms worsen (flares) and then go away (remission). Almost everyone with ulcerative colitis requires some type of therapy. The goal of therapy is to keep people in remission.

Please note there are many conditions that have similar symptoms. It’s important to see your child’s doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment.

What causes ulcerative colitis?

Experts are not sure what causes ulcerative colitis, but it is thought to represent an abnormal response of the intestinal immune system to the trillions of bacteria found in the stool. In some cases, family history may also play a role.

How is ulcerative colitis treated?

Treatment may depend on your child’s age and the severity of their symptoms. Your child’s doctor may recommend medications, dietary modification, and in some cases even surgery.

  • Medications, such as anti-inflammatories, immunosuppressants and biologics can help relieve symptoms, prevent flares and help intestines heal.
  • For some patients changing diet may be helpful.

If medications aren’t working, or if your child’s symptoms are severe, surgery may be required.

At Connecticut Children’s, our team of expert gastroenterologists and surgeons will walk your family through your child’s surgical options and help you find a treatment that works best for your child’s individual needs.