Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) occurs when the contents of the stomach come back up into the esophagus. GER is sometimes called reflux, acid reflux or heartburn. GER is very common in babies and also occurs in older children and adults.
In most cases, GER only happens once in a while and does not cause any other health problems. However, some children can develop gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a more serious condition that can cause other health complications.
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What are the signs and symptoms of GER?
Common symptoms of GER in babies and children can include:
- Spitting up or vomiting
- Regurgitation of food into the mouth or throat
- Heartburn (a burning sensation in the back of the throat or chest)
- Nausea
- Irritability in infants
- Problems swallowing
- Metallic or acidic taste in mouth or throat
Please note there are many conditions that have similar symptoms, including GERD. It’s important to see your child’s doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment.
What causes GER?
GER is usually caused by a problem with the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). This is a muscle at the end of the esophagus. When the LES doesn’t close properly or relaxes at the wrong time, it allows food back into the esophagus and causes the symptoms of GER.
How is GER treated?
In most cases, GER is mild and making lifestyle or dietary changes can reduce the symptoms. In babies, GER often improves as the infant ages as the lower esophageal sphincter matures and works more appropriately. Your child’s doctor may suggest:
- Feeding your baby in an upright position
- Taking small breaks during each of your baby’s feeds
- Sleeping with their head elevated
- Not lying down right after eating
- Making changes to diet or eating habits
If your child’s symptoms do not improve with lifestyle changes, talk with your doctor, as this may be a sign that they have GERD or another condition that presents with similar symptoms.