Autoimmune hepatitis is a serious liver condition that occurs when a child’s immune system attacks their own liver. Over time, this can damage the liver and cause it to not work properly. This can lead to long-term liver disease.

Autoimmune hepatitis is not very common, but children as young as age 2 can have it. It is more common in girls than in boys.

There are two types of autoimmune hepatitis:

  • Type 1 is the more common kind and can occur in people of any age
  • Type 2 is more common in children

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What are the signs and symptoms of autoimmune hepatitis?

The symptoms of autoimmune hepatitis can vary. Some children have no symptoms or only mild symptoms. If your child does have symptoms, they can include:

  • Feeling tired (most common)
  • Nausea or vomiting
  • Pale or gray-colored stool
  • Dark-colored urine
  • Lack of appetite
  • Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)

Please note there are many conditions that have similar symptoms. It’s important to see your child’s doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment.

What causes autoimmune hepatitis?

Like other autoimmune diseases, experts don’t really know what causes autoimmune hepatitis. Possible causes may include genetics (passed down in families), viruses, certain medicines, viruses or other germs, or a problem with the immune system. 
 

How is autoimmune hepatitis diagnosed?

A healthcare team will make a diagnosis based on a child’s symptoms, blood tests, and a liver biopsy.

How is autoimmune hepatitis treated?

Autoimmune hepatitis can be a lifelong condition, but it can be controlled with the right treatment. One out of four children with autoimmune hepatitis may go into remission and eventually be able to stop treatment. However, this should only be done under the advisement of a healthcare team.

In many cases, autoimmune hepatitis can be managed with medications called immunosuppressants that help calm down an overactive immune system. Examples of these medications include:

  • Steroids, such as prednisone or budesonide
  • Azathioprine

If the liver is damaged so much that it stops working, your child may eventually need a liver transplant.