Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

A ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a hole between the lower chambers (ventricles) of the heart. Depending on its size and location, it can allow blood to mix between the ventricles, and cause too much blood to flow to the lungs. As a result, the heart and lungs have to work harder than they should, putting a strain on the body.

(A hole between the heart’s upper chambers is called an atrial septal defect, or ASD.)

VSDs are among the most common types of congenital heart defects. Some VSDs are minor and go away on their own. Others require treatment. Often, they occur as part of other heart problems – so it’s important to look at the entire heart, and understand or rule out other problems.

Families rely on Connecticut Children’s Heart Center for exactly that. We use advanced imaging technology like echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and bring together specialists in cardiac catheterization, congenital cardiac surgery and more to determine the right plan of care.

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What Are the Signs and Symptoms of a VSD?

Small VSDs may only cause mild symptoms, or none at all. More serious VSDs may have the following signs, and are usually detected in a baby’s first few weeks of life.

  • Heart murmur
  • Heart beat that’s too fast, too slow or irregular
  • Bluish or greyish skin, lips and nails
  • Trouble breathing
  • Poor appetite
  • Poor growth
  • Low energy
     

What Causes VSDs?

VSDs develop before birth, when the inner wall (septum) dividing the left and right sides of the heart doesn’t form properly, leaving a hole. Sometimes, this condition is passed down from a parent. But most of the time, VSDs seem to occur by chance, with no clear cause.

How Are VSDs Treated?

Some smaller VSDs close on their own, or simply need a heart doctor to keep an eye on them. Others need a special procedure.

Medication to help the heart work better and improve blood flow

VSD closure: Open-heart surgery to close the hole using a patch

Some patients with VSDs need to check in regularly with their doctor throughout life. Connecticut Children’s Heart Center provides expert care close to home, continuing in adulthood with our nationally-accredited Adult Congenital Heart Disease program.